There are various facets of issues on Scheduled Castes dealt by different scholars from India and abroad as well. Though existence of such huge volume of work on Scheduled Castes, contemporary and changing dynamics of living standards and livelihoods avenues focusing on rural, urban and rurban context largely absent. Within in this lacuna of literature, it tried to examine most vulnerable aspects of social groups and their economic disparities in India and Telangana state in specific. Issues on Scheduled Castes were addressed from sociological understanding to India's constitutional perspective then their livelihoods. Further, livelihoods as an important aspect was detailed from conceptual point of view to structural understanding in relation to the Scheduled Castes. It brought out based on primary data on trends in income generation and changes in traditional livelihoods and income patterns. This book dealt in structuring five chapters covering general understanding of livelihoods and livelihoods among Scheduled Castes.