Hemchandra Raychaudhuri (1892–1957) was the Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture at Calcutta University. His landmark work Political History of Ancient India, first published in 1923 and later republished by Oxford University Press, traces the political development of the Indian subcontinent from the accession of Parikshit to the extinction of the Gupta dynasty. The book is a standard reference in ancient Indian historiography and remains widely used by scholars and students of the period.