R. Campbell Thompson (1876–1941) was a British archaeologist, Assyriologist, and cuneiformist. He excavated at significant sites including Nineveh, Ur, Nebo, and Carchemish. Thompson was an assistant in the Egyptian and Assyrian Department of the British Museum and later held a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, and was the Shillito Reader in Assyriology at Oxford. He served in Mesopotamia during World War I, where his archaeological experience was utilized to protect antiquities. He is the author of The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia, a two-volume work exploring Babylonian and Assyrian incantations against various malevolent spirits.