Kusumawati Deshpande (1904–1961) was a Marathi writer and convenor of the Sahitya Akademi's advisory board for Marathi literature who undertook a comprehensive history of Marathi literature for the Akademi but died before completing it. M.V. Rajadhyaksha was subsequently commissioned by the Sahitya Akademi to edit and complete the unfinished manuscript and extend the survey through 1960. Together they authored A History of Marathi Literature, a reference work tracing the tradition from its earliest period.