Axel Michaels is Professor of Classical Indology and Religious Studies at Heidelberg University, Germany. He organised a symposium at the South Asia Institute, Heidelberg, in 1999 to examine traditional Sanskrit scholarship and the institution of the pandit, and edited the resulting volume The Pandit: Traditional Scholarship in India, published by Manohar. The collection addresses topics including Sanskrit pedagogy, the social standing of pandits, and the continuing relevance of traditional learning.